Dads Against the Divorce IndustryDA*DI is devoted to reinstating the societal valuation of Marriage and the traditional, nuclear American Family, with particular emphasis on the essential role of FATHERS. DA*DI offers contemporary reports and commentary on culture; its aberrations and its heroes. |
narcissists with guns?
The Hebrew word for "rod" as used in proverbs 13:24 ("He who spares his rod, hates his son, / but he who loves him, disciplines him dilligently") is also used in Isaiah 28:27 to suggest a relatively flimsy instrument used to thresh caraway, thus separating the useful part of the grain from that part that is of no use, while insuring that the useful part will not be damaged in the process.
Kids don't rule, they require rules, and discipline. The primary function of being a parent is that of distinguishing between what children truly need and what they simply want, because to a child, a state of need and of want feel exactly the same.
WHY ARE KIDS KILLING KIDS?
by GERALD L. ROWLES, Ph.D.
Boys are killing classmates,
and girls are killing their babies. Rates of violence for both sexes
are increasing, and girls are outpacing boys in those
increases. Adolescent substance abuse is an overwhelming public health
problem in the United States. In 1997, the lifetime prevalence of
any illicit drug use by 12th graders was 54.3%, and approximately
one fourth of 10th and 12th graders reported using an illicit
substance in the past month.[3] About 76% of high school students
and 46% of middle school students say that drugs are kept, used,
or sold on school grounds. With 56% of 12- to 17-year-olds
reporting that they know a friend or classmate who uses cocaine,
heroin, or LSD, it is not surprising that 35% of adolescents cite
drugs as the most important problem they face.[5]
Drug use, especially in early adolescence, interferes with
normal cognitive, emotional, and social development and is closely
linked with both psychiatric disorders and delinquency.[6] Drug
use in adolescence has been associated with many other risk-taking
behaviors (sexual activity, truancy, violence, or weapon carrying)
entailing significant morbidity and mortality (sexually
transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]
infection; pregnancy; school failure, dropout, or both; injury;
suicide and homicide; and motor vehicle crashes).[7] Finally, drug
use in adolescence is one of the strongest predictors of lifetime
development of drug dependence.[8]
My friend Dan Boddicker and I maintain an ongoing
discussion of kids and violence. One of Dan's thoughtful theories is
that kids are being medicated at unprecedented rates, with Prozac
prominently featured as a medication of choice. From this, he
extrapolates that given the reported side effects of this
antidepressant - psychotic episodes of violence - kids are being
medicated into violence. Not a bad theory, containing some elements
of truth, but the scientific evidence is not there to fully support
it. First, violent side effects from Prozac (fluoxetine) are rare.
We can't say the same thing for the observation of escalating
violence in kids:
"The bruises, black eyes, and bloody noses of
playground clashes a generation or so ago now prompt nostalgia. In
the 1997-1998 school year, children as young as 11 years old have
gunned down classmates and teachers in mass shootings at schools
in Pearl, Miss, West Paducah, Ky, Jonesboro, Ark, Edinburgh, Pa,
and Springfield, Ore (JAMA. 1998;279:1853), leaving 13 dead and 45
wounded, according to Ronald Stephens, EdD, executive director of
the National School Safety Center, a nonprofit organization based
in Westlake Village, Calif." - JAMA (link
expired)
Second, the Journal of the American
Medical Association (JAMA) recently reported that Prozac is
an effective medication for reducing aggressive behavior in violence
prone children.(link expired)
But Dan is on track with the
notion that children are being alarmingly "overmedicated." According
to the APA Monitor (link expired), in December, 1997:
"In 1996, for instance, physicians wrote a
whopping 735,000 prescriptions for Prozac and other selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for children ages 6 to 18-an
80 percent increase in just two years. Physicians also wrote many
prescriptions for Ritalin and other psychiatric medications."
According to JAMA (link expired) this
pattern has been exhibited for a ten-year period between 1985 and
1994:
The researchers noted a five-fold increase in
stimulant drug visits during the period, from 1.5 percent to 5.1
percent of all psychotropic drug visits: "This increase is the
result of the significant rise in the number and proportion of
stimulant visits by children and adolescents (from 0.31 million to
2.41 million visits)." These visits are associated with the
diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder.
Visits by children and adolescents for all types
of psychotropic medications increased significantly, from 1.10
million in 1985 to 3.73 million visits in 1993 and 1994.
If these kids were truly benefitting from
this excessive use of medication, that's one thing, but in a very
recent article in The
Washington Times, a prominent medical director, Dr. Donald
Rosenblitt states, "The enormous weight of evidence, so far, is that
anti-depressants do not help childhood depression". And it is worth
noting that although Prozac has not been associated with violent
outcomes, it has had some deleterious effects in children. Dr.
Rosenblitt says agitation and nervousness are common side effects in
children and others who use Prozac. But he stresses that
complications can be far more severe in seriously troubled
youngsters.
"I've seen some disturbed children who've become
psychotic," or deranged, after taking Prozac, he said. He added that
the drug "precipitated psychotic panic" in those
children.
But here's the problem; so some children are being
overmedicated to an alarming degree - giving rise to a vision of a
bunch of drug-numbed zomboids on school campuses, then why the
violence?
For years, the nouveau-pop-psychologists (the
children/disciples of that spare-the-rod messiah, Dr. Benjamin
Spock) have told us that the answer to "the epidemic rise of
depression, suicide, violence, and drug and alcohol use among
America's teens has been poor self-esteem." And so the
Self-Esteem Movement was born. Surprisingly, "rates of
teen depression, drug and alcohol use (a form of withdrawal), and
violence began picking up steam. [1]" Can you
say "Projection?" This self-esteem movement is a theory born of the
unconscious recognition of our own adult generation's narcissism - a
fragile and ever needy sense of self-esteem and
fragility.
Several recent studies, going against the grain of
political correctness, have also brought us back to the salience of
family variables, and negative cultural influences on our families
and selves.
In July of 1998,the APA (American Psychological
Association) released this stunning finding:
"Psychologists Brad J. Bushman, Ph.D., of Iowa
State University and Roy F. Baumeister, Ph.D., of Case Western
Reserve University conducted two studies in which they explored
the connection between narcissism, negative interpersonal
feedback, and aggression in 540 undergraduate students.
Narcissists, according to the authors, are emotionally invested in
establishing their superiority, yet while they care passionately
about being superior to others, they are not convinced that they
have achieved this superiority. While high self-esteem entails
thinking well of oneself, narcissism involves passionately wanting
to think well of oneself. In both studies, narcissism and
self-esteem were measured, and participants were given an
opportunity to act aggressively toward a neutral third party,
toward someone who had insulted them, or toward someone who had
praised them.
Narcissism Isn't Necessarily
"Just Vanity."
The psychologists found that the most
aggressive respondents in both studies were narcissists who were
attacking someone who had given them a bad evaluation. Narcissists
were exceptionally aggressive toward anyone who attacked or
offended them, yet when they received praise, their level of
aggression was not out of the ordinary. In both studies,
self-esteem was not related to aggression, suggesting that the
relationship between (genuine) self-esteem and aggressive behavior
is small at best.
Regarding the recent spate of school
shootings throughout the country, Dr. Bushman, lead author of the
study, notes that many schools are attempting to increase their
students' self-esteem, which will probably have no effect on
violent behavior. But excessive self-love, or narcissism, could
actually increase violence in schools. ...
The authors
suggest that aggression by narcissists is an interpersonally
meaningful and specific response to an ego threat. 'Narcissists
mainly want to punish or defeat someone who has threatened their
highly favorable views of themselves,' the authors note. 'People
who are preoccupied with validating a grandiose self-image
apparently find criticism highly upsetting and lash out against
the source of it.' ''
In sum, artificially
induced self-esteem, through the well-meaning efforts of the
self-esteem movement's self-appointed gurus may be substantively
responsible for the escalation of violence in our
children.
To the degree that our contemporary school /
culture systems are invested in this self-esteem movement, we need
to be concerned that this type of meddling - in what should largely
be the parental arena of influence - is likely grossly
inappropriate, and potentially dangerous.
In association with
the dangers of artificially inflated self-esteem, another recent
study in the APA Journal of Abnormal Psychology found that young
people experiencing low self-esteem or depression may actually seek
out negative appraisals of themselves. When "participants were given
what they thought were summaries of the graduate students'
assessments of them ... Sixty-four percent of the low self-esteem
group chose the negative assessment. In contrast, 82 percent of the
depressed participants chose the unfavorable assessment over the
favorable one." For those who wonder why children would engage in
behaviors that would bring them tremendously negative public
exposure, the answer may lie in these findings.
That brings
us back to family variables. Duncan Clark, PhD, MD, of the
University of Pittsburgh Medical School, looked at parental
histories and their effects on children in those familes. "Clark and
his colleagues studied children and their parents, looking for a
relationship between parental history of psychopathology and
psychopathology in the child. He found that children of parents with
a history of substance use had higher rates of anxiety disorders and
disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), particularly conduct disorders.
Specifically, he found that a child's DBD was most strongly
linked to his or her father's childhood DBD. A mother's
substance-dependence disorder also predicted the child's DBD. And a
mother's childhood anxiety disorder best predicted her child's
anxiety disorder.
'We're finding that the parental childhood
characteristics are the best predictors of the child's
characteristics,' said Clark. "
The salience of this study
lies in the fact that substance abuse was a virtual staple of the
children / adolescents of the 60's. No one can say for certain how
many of these nouveau adults - today's boomer parents - continue to
abuse subtances (whether legal, prescribed, or illegal). What we do
know is that these parents may be generally characterized as having
rather lax attitudes toward substance abuse in their children as
evidenced in numerous popular media articles. And we also see the
alarming reliance on drugs that is implicit in the explosion of
mood-altering drugs reported by both the APA and JAMA. Disquieting
notions, but important indicators.
This problem was
summed up by Dr. Lawrence Diller, author of ``Running On Ritalin'':
``Settling for Ritalin says we prefer to locate our children's
problems in their brains rather than in their lives.'' Diller
described three candidates for ADD diagnosis: 4-year-old Stevie, and
his two younger sisters, all of whom get dropped off for preschool
at 7 a.m. by their dad and are picked up at 5:30 p.m. by their mom
``if she isn't running late.'' Stevie is overly aggressive, and his
parents, whose own marriage is troubled, are desperate, demanding a
fix: prescription drugs.
In most cases, parents get the
short-term relief they're looking for from prescription drugs, but
as Breggin put it: ``Behaviors are signals that should be
interpreted and understood, not suppressed.'' See "U.S. Attention Deficit
On Legal Drug Risks"
Although generalizations are
generally dismissed in today's politically-correct zeitgeist as
unwarranted value judgements, it seems appropriate to generalize, in
some areas, to the baby-boom generation. One such generalization
might address the notion that the sixties crowd was overwhelmingly
involved in the use, abuse, and addiction-to illegal, mind-altering
substances. Perhaps mind-numbing, and mind-substituting are better
descriptors for the effects of the drug culture, despite the
O'Learian claims of mind expansion. I have yet to see a single,
lasting, productive instance of invention that could be attributed
to an acid trip.
So what were drug-indulging baby-boomers
self-medicating themselves against? In conversations with my friend
and colleague Doug Heckman, we have resolved that the unequivocal
answer is Anxiety. How do we know that anxiety was the
crux of the boomers' attraction to drugs? In large part because we
know, from decades of research into effective drug treatment, that
anxiety is a central precursor of addiction and a hallmark of
withdrawal. But boomer anxiety was not just a case of adolescent
jitters, because we can see that it has generalized and broadened,
rather than diminished and narrowed as the boomers have aged.
One ubiquitous indication of this growing if not constant
anxiety is the enormous, addictive explosion in hugely expensive
government bureaucracies and special interest groups, created to
service and in most cases, "protect" us in every micro-aspect of our
collective lives. This is not the traditional kind of protection,
however, that involved making us safe against foreign or outside
enemies, such as was once the role of the military. We are now
protected from products that might harm us, industries that might
harm us, professionals that might harm us, agents that might harm
non-human species, unknown assailants that might harm our children,
toxic agents that might harm us, food that might harm us, spouses
that might harm spouses, words that might harm our self-esteem,
bigots that might harm ethnics, words that might harm our
sensitivities, movies that might harm our children, and harmful harm
agents that we have yet to imagine. In one area, however, we are
secure. We are certainly no longer fearful that our sexual
promiscuity will harm us.
Nevertheless we are addicted-to and
dependent-upon federal and state agencies whose ostensive purpose is
to prevent us from experiencing our fears; our anxieties.
I
would suggest that the source of boomer anxiety is paradoxically,
freedom. I am not referring to the traditional freedoms of a country
that was founded on the principles of freedom of speech, freedom to
worship, freedom to pursue life, liberty and happiness, and freedom
from government oppression. The freedom issue here is a kind of
unbounded, narcissistic, self-indulgent freedom to pursue one's own
hedonistic needs - the freedom to always feel good, absolved of
personal responsibility. But just as Freud suggested, anxiety is a
knock at the door, alerting us to the fact that something is awry.
Too much freedom and self-indulgence was, in the past, followed by
an appropriate sense of guilt. But in an age when God is dead, guilt
is a politically incorrect notion that remains unexpressed in its
essence, and experienced only in its vagueness as
anxiety.
The seeds of this ungodly freedom were planted by
the good Dr. Benjamin Spock, who, in his 1946 epoch "Common Sense
Book of Baby and Child Care" admonished a post-war parent boom that
it was in the best interests of their offspring to spare the rod and
spoil the child - to raise their children in a more liberal
environment. This program of child-demand nursing schedules, delayed
and patient toilet training, and freedom from punishment, placed the
parent in the indulgent role of benefactor, while precluding the
role of disciplinarian. No more were children to hear, "wait till
your father gets home." In the intervening years, however,
responsible behavioral scientists have found that an indulged child,
a child without clear limits and immediate, appropriate, and
sometimes corporal punishment, is much more likely to become an
anxious, dependent, and/or neurotic adult - if not a sociopath; one
who is completely lacking in internally-based
self-control.
And so the baby boomers have been doubly cursed
by a Freudian legacy of sexual freedom and self-indulgence that has
bred an over-representative generation of anxiously dependent and
addiction-prone individuals that are still looking for a limiting
parent. Sadly, it appears that the governmental parent to whom they
look is ever more a disciple of Dr. Spock than of traditional
parenting.
In recent studies, we also find an indication of
the tremendous importance of parent-child bonding in the first three
years of life. In June, 1997 the APA Monitor reported on therapists
who were working with attachment-disordered children. In
younger children, this is seen as oppositional-defiant or conduct
disorder, but according to one member of this group, Joan Luby,
M.D., "children with reactive attachment disorder now have major
social and moral development problems that result in antisocial
behaviors." Many children exhibiting poor attachment are found in
the foster-care system. "Studies in England and the United States
estimate that 60 percent to 80 percent of felons emerged from that
foster-care system."
So what's the bottom line here? Our
children are becoming more violent. In part, that escalation
in violence mirrors the massive exposure to television and movies
and music that treat casual, grotesque violence as a common and
"cool" phenomenon. The Roe phenomenon has made the wholesale carnage
of abortion simply commonplace; an entitlement of self-willing that
simply supercedes the sanctity of life. (Explain to me, in a way
that I can use successfully to make that explanation to my child,
how a boy taking a life by shooting classmates is different from a
girl taking a life by abortion or post-birth trauma.) And
insidiously, we are learning that violence likely comes from the
fact that more and more children are being cast aside shortly after
birth, long before the critical three-year period of attachment and
independence are resolved, so that one or both parents may indulge
their own wants. That indulgence remains rooted in the hedonistic
drug-culture of the 60's that has now become legitimized through
modern medicine.
Finally, after forty years of the Spock
revolution in child-rearing that brought our parents the notion that
the rearing of children is an intellectual challenge, rather than a
relatively simple matter of common sense, we have bred the most
narcissistic, drugged, and violence absorbed society since
Greco-Roman times. In extending our Spockian legacy to our own
children, we have invented the vaunted "self-esteem movement" as a
feature of that misguided indulgence, and we now have the horror of
our kids killing our kids at monstrously high rates, against a
background of dramatic increases in illicit substance abuse by our
children. I would suggest that any mind-altering drug use of any
kind in any child, whether from the playground or the doctor's
office, potentiates abuse. As the following JAMA (link expired)
article concludes: "... drug use in adolescence is one of the
strongest predictors of lifetime development of drug
dependence."
Plano, a small Texas community (population,
180,000; median family income, $54,000) just north of Dallas, has
been shocked by the deaths of more than 12 adolescents from heroin
overdoses in the past 18 months.[1] In Fairfax County, Virginia
(population, 900,000; median household income, $70,000),
drug-related arrests of adolescents have increased more than
10-fold in 10 years.[2] Across the country parents wonder, "How
could it happen to our children?" Lifetime prevalence rates of
adolescent drug use have been rising since 1992[3] (Figure), and
the percentage of teens saying they would never try illegal drugs
is decreasing: 86% in 1995, 51% in 1996, and 46% in 1997.[4,5]
Just as in educating, we are ripe for a return to basics in parenting.
The most important lesson of childhood is discipline: disciplined behavior, disciplined thought, and discipline based in the morality of right and wrong, good and bad, and clear rules for human interaction. If we are looking for the fount of self-esteem, we would do well to begin at the early rewards of self-discipline, and achievement through demonstrated competence in basic skills.
"For the most part, today's parents are nice, well-intentioned folks, and that's the problem. They let their children walk all over them, not because they believe children should be allowed to do so, but because they do not feel they have the right to assertively disallow it. ... They know, in their hearts, they shouldn't give their children so much freedom and are truly afraid of the consequences of doing so. Unfortunately, they're even more afraid of (or unaccustomed to) the consequences of saying 'no.' In short, today's parents are wimps (and in some cases self-indulgent). The good news is, it's never too late to take charge. (emphasis and parenthetical comments added) [2]"
Why are our kids killing our kids? Because we are their parents, and we have listened to the voice of our own corrupted generation for too long. It's time to learn to say no, consistently and effectively, both to ourselves and to our children. What part of "no" don't you understand?
Two days after her son committed an atrocity at Columbine High School, we found the (www.insidedenver.com) mother of 17-y.o. Dylan Klebold at her hairdresser expressing shock and numbness at what her son had done.
At the hairdresser! This has an aura similar to that of the prom teen who stopped dancing only long enough to deliver and dispose of her child - and then returned to the dance.
Indeed! I'm stunned. Even from the vantage point of my own, perhaps biased, perspective I am dumbfounded by the apparent lack of shame, transparent irresponsibility, and venal superficiality of this parent.
"Susan Klebold said she didn't understand what happened to her son."
"As if!" is a popular phrase among adolescents and young adults. Ironically it is also a term in philosophy and psychology that describes individuals who are living a counterfeit lifestyle - living "as if" they were who they seem to be. As if is, in fact, the basis of the narcissistic personality - and the me generation.
Gerald L. Rowles, Ph.D.
[1] "Because I Said So!," John Rosemond, p. 257. [2] p. 251.
Partial Listing of Recent School Assaults:
School Shooting List
By The Associated
Press with DA*DI update:
| Mar. 22, 2001 | EL
CAJON, Calif. (Reuters) - A teenager with a shaved head got
out of a car, assumed a sniper position and began shooting at
students outside a high school in this San Diego suburb on
Thursday, hitting at least one person before police shot and
injured him, witnesses said. The incident at the 2,900-pupil Granite Hills High School took place less than three weeks after another student killed two students and injured 13 others in a gun rampage at Santana High School, just 6 miles away. |
| Mar. 05, 2001 | 15-year-old Charles Andrew Williams went on a 10-minute shooting rampage at his Santee, Calif., high school, killing 14-year-old Bryan Zuckor and 17-year-old Randy Gordon, and wounding 13 other boys and girls. Within 48-hours, 23 American school children had been arrested or detained for threatening various acts of violence including a bomb plot at a middle school. Among the suspects were three students from the California School for the Deaf, a 15-year-old Catholic schoolboy from Davenport, Iowa, and a 15-year-old honor student from Camden said to have threatened to kill-off a high school clique during wood shop. |
| Mar. 07, 2001 | A teenage girl opened fire in the cafeteria of a Catholic high school in central Pennsylvania, in the second U.S. school shooting in a week. |
| Mar. 05, 2001 | 15-year-old Charles Andrew Williams went on a 10-minute shooting rampage at his Santee, Calif., high school, killing 14-year-old Bryan Zuckor and 17-year-old Randy Gordon, and wounding 13 other boys and girls. Within 48-hours, 23 American school children had been arrested or detained for threatening various acts of violence including a bomb plot at a middle school. Among the suspects were three students from the California School for the Deaf, a 15-year-old Catholic schoolboy from Davenport, Iowa, and a 15-year-old honor student from Camden said to have threatened to kill-off a high school clique during wood shop. |
| Jan. 10, 2001 | 17-year-old gunman fired shots at Hueneme High School, about 60 miles north of Los Angeles, before taking a student hostage. The teen-ager apparently wasn't a student at the school and did not know the girl. He was later shot and killed by police. No one else was injured. |
| May 26, 2000 | 13-year-old honor student allegedly killed his teacher, Barry Grunow, on last day of classes in Lake Worth, Fla. Nathaniel Brazill is charged with first-degree murder. |
| Feb. 29, 2000 | 6-year-old boy shot and killed 6-year-old classmate at Buell Elementary School in Mount Morris Township, Mich. Because of his age, the boy was not charged. A 19-year-old man was sentenced to two to 15 years in prison for allowing the boy access to the gun. The boy's uncle has pleaded guilty to possessing the stolen gun used in the shooting. |
| Feb. 20, 2000 | 16-year-old girl, Kayla Rolland, fatally wounded at Buell Elementary School near Flint, Mich. Assailant identified as a 6-year-old boy who lived in a crack house. A 19-year-old man was charged with involuntary manslaughter for allowing the boy easy access to the .32 caliber handgun used in the shooting |
| Dec. 6, 1999 | 13-year-old student fired at least 15 rounds at Fort Gibson Middle School in Fort Gibson, Okla., wounding four classmates. Seth Trickey was convicted on seven assault charges, but will not remain jail past age 19. |
| Nov. 19, 1999 | 13-year-old girl shot in the head in school at Deming, N.M., and died the next day. A 12-year-old boy later pleaded guilty and was sentenced to at least two years in juvenile prison. |
| Oct. 4, 1999 | In southwest Philadelphia's John Bartram High School, assistant principal William Burke was shot in the thigh while confronting a 17-year-old student suspected of carrying a gun. Burke, 61, was hospitalized but was not badly hurt |
| May 20, 1999 | 15-year-old boy opened fire at Heritage High School in Conyers, Ga., with a .357-caliber Magnum and a rifle, wounding six students. T.J. Solomon later pleaded guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced to 40 years in prison and 65 years of probation. |
| April 20, 1999 | Two students at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colo., killed 12 students and a teacher and wounded 23 before killing themselves. |
| April 16, 1999 | A high school sophomore fired two shotgun blasts in a school hallway in Notus, Idaho. No one injured |
| May 21, 1998 | Two teen-agers were killed and more than 20 people hurt when a teen-age boy opened fire at a high school in Springfield, Ore., after killing his parents. Kip Kinkel, 17, was later sentenced to nearly 112 years in prison. |
| May 19, 1998 | Three days before his graduation, Jacob Davis, an 18-year-old honor student, opened fire at a high school in Fayetteville, Tenn., killing a classmate who was dating his ex-girlfriend. Davis was later sentenced to life in prison. |
| April 24, 1998 | Andrew Wurst, 15, opened fire at an eighth-grade dance in Edinboro, Pa., killing a science teacher. The boy pleaded guilty to third-degree murder and other charges and is serving 30 to 60 years in prison. |
| March 24, 1998 | Two boys, 11 and 13, fired on their Jonesboro, Ark., middle school from nearby woods, killing four girls and a teacher and wounding 10 others. Both boys were later convicted of murder and can be held until age 21. |
| Dec. 1, 1997 | Three students were killed and five wounded at Heath High School in West Paducah, Ky. Michael Carneal, 14-year-old, later pleaded guilty but mentally ill to murder and is serving life in prison. |
| Oct. 1, 1997 | Sixteen-year-old Luke Woodham of Pearl, Miss., shot two students to death and wounded seven others after stabbing his mother to death. He was sentenced the following year to three life sentences plus 140 years. |
| Feb. 19, 1997 | A 16-year-old boy took a shotgun and a bag of shells to school in Bethel, Alaska, and killed the principal and a student and injured two others. Evan Ramsey is serving a 210-year sentence. |
| Feb. 2, 1996 | A 14-year-old boy walked into school in a trenchcoat and allegedly opened fire with a hunting rifle, killing a teacher and two students. A third student was injured during the shooting at Frontier Junior High School in Moses Lake, Wash. Prosecutors said the boy was inspired by the plot of a Stephen King novel and by the movie Natural Born Killers |
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